A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. Making such measurements over a wide range of pressures yields data that may be presented graphically as a phase diagram. Also described was the use of heating and cooling curves to determine a substance’s melting (or freezing) point. Considering the definition of boiling point, plots of vapor pressure versus temperature represent how the boiling point of the liquid varies with pressure. In the previous module, the variation of a liquid’s equilibrium vapor pressure with temperature was described.

Describe the supercritical fluid phase of matter.

Use phase diagrams to identify stable phases at given temperatures and pressures, and to describe phase transitions resulting from changes in these properties.

Explain the construction and use of a typical phase diagram.

Appendix L: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentialsīy the end of this section, you will be able to:.

Appendix K: Formation Constants for Complex Ions.

Appendix I: Ionization Constants of Weak Bases.

Appendix H: Ionization Constants of Weak Acids.

Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances.

Appendix F: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases.

Appendix D: Fundamental Physical Constants.

Appendix C: Units and Conversion Factors.

Second Law of Thermodynamics and Gibbs Free Energy.

Application: Precipitation and Dissolution.

Shifting Equilibria: LeChatelier’s Principle.

Chemical Equilibria and Applications Toggle Dropdown

Collision Theory and Factors Affecting Reaction Rates.

Solutions and Colligative Properties Toggle Dropdown

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry Toggle Dropdown

Thermochemical Guidelines, Enthalpy of Formation and Hess's Law.

Solution Stoichiometry and Combustion Analysis.

Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations.

Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions Toggle Dropdown

Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas.

Composition of Substances and Solutions Toggle Dropdown

Molecular and Ionic Compounds and Their Nomenclature.

Early Ideas and Evolution of Atomic Theory.

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Toggle Dropdown

Measurements and Uncertainty in Measurement.Classification, Physical and Chemical Properties.

Materials cha pter ten phase diagrams